Skip to content
NihongoShark
  • JLPT N3

~たら... だろう(に)

Niko portraitNiko

JLPT N3: ~たら... だろう(に)《if... would have...》

When you want to say "if X had happened, then Y would have happened," you can use ~たら... だろう (に).

In more formal speech, though, you'll use でしょう instead of だろう.

An example:

それが東京だったら、被害はもっと大きかったでしょう。

それ が とうきょう だったら、 ひがい は もっと おおきかった でしょう。

If that had been Tokyo, the damage would have been worse.

“that + が + Tokyo + if (it) were, + damage (e.g. from an earthquake) + は + more + was big + でしょう.”

The speaker could, for example, be talking about a destructive earthquake, storm, etc. that caused damage to somewhere other than Tokyo.

First, X is the thing which did not happen:

それが東京だったら

それ が とうきょう だったら

if that had been Tokyo

“that + が + Tokyo + if (it) were”

Then Y is the thing that would have happened if X had happened:

被害はもっと大きかったでしょう。

ひがい は もっと おおきかった でしょう。

the damage would have been worse.

“damage (e.g. from an earthquake) + は + more + was big + でしょう.”

If X had happened, Y would have happened:

それが東京だったら、被害はもっと大きかったでしょう。

それ が とうきょう だったら、 ひがい は もっと おおきかった でしょう。

If that had been Tokyo, the damage would have been worse.

“that + が + Tokyo + if (it) were, + damage (e.g. from an earthquake) + は + more + was big + でしょう.”

Here's another example:

病院に着くのがあと1時間遅かったら、彼は命を落としていたでしょう。

びょういん に つく の が あと いちじかん おそかったら、 かれ は いのち を おとしていた でしょう。

If he had gotten to the hospital just one hour later, he would have died.

“hospital + に + arrive + の + が + after / more + one hour + if (he) were late, + he + は + life + を + was losing / was dropping + でしょう.”

One more:

叔父さんたちが遊びに来るのを知っていたら、ビールを冷やしておいたでしょう。

おじさん たち が あそび に くる の を しっていたら、 ビール を ひやして おいた でしょう。

If I had known that my uncles were coming to visit, I would have chilled some beer for them.

“uncle + たち + が + come to visit (=playing + に + come) + の + を + if (I) had been knowing, + beer + を + chilled (in advance) (=chill [and] + set / placed) + でしょう.”

It's not necessarily only "uncles" that are visiting. The uncle's (or uncles') other family members may be there, too.


👷 Construction 👷

Our X phrase will end with ~たら, and then our Y phrase will end with だろう(or でしょう):

~たら... だろう [でしょう](に)

This works when ~たら is attaching to verbs (Vたら), i-adjectives (~かったら), or na-adjectives or nouns (na-adj / N だったら).

We don't need to color code all of that, do we? After all, you can get a conjugation refresher here: JLPT N4: ~たら (if).

Another reason I don't want to start color coding this lesson is that there are too many possibilities for the conditional phrase in the first half of our sentence. Aside from ~たら, we can also use:

V ば... だろう(に)
i-adjective ければ... だろう(に)
na-adjective / noun なら... だろう(に)

If these conjugations are scaring you, I recommend reading this lesson: JLPT N4: ~ば.

We'll also see them in our examples below. First, though, I should mention...


に!

~たら... だろう is often — but not exclusively — used when the speaker is regretful or disappointed that a situation isn't or wasn't different.

We saw that in this example:

叔父さんたちが遊びに来るのを知っていたら、ビールを冷やしておいたでしょう。

おじさん たち が あそびに くる の を しっていたら、 ビール を ひやして おいた でしょう。

If I had known that my uncles were coming to visit, I would have chilled some beer for them.

“uncle + たち + が + come to visit (=playing + に + come) + の + を + if (I) had been knowing, + beer + を + chilled (in advance) (=chill [and] + set / placed) + でしょう.”

When we stick に on to the very end of our sentence, after だろう or でしょう, it gives the sentence an added nuance of regret, disappointment, etc.

Take these three sentences, for example:

日焼け止めを塗っていれば、そんなことにはならなかっただろうに。

ひやけどめ を ぬっていれば、 そんな こと に は ならなかった だろうに。

If you had just worn sunscreen, that never would have happened.

“sunscreen + を + if (you) had been plastering / smearing, + that kind of + thing + に + は + didn’t become + だろう + に.”

もう少し手が大きければ、もっと上手に弾けるでしょうに。

もうすこし て が おおきければ、 もっと じょうず に ひける でしょうに。

If my hands were just a bit bigger, I’d be able to play better.

“a bit more + hands + が + if (they) were bigger, + more + skilled + に + can play (an instrument) + でしょう + に.”

もっと英語が上手なら、いい仕事が見つかるだろうに。

もっと えいご が じょうず なら、 いい しごと が みつかる だろうに。

If my English were better, I’d be able to find a good job.

“more + English + が + skilled + if (it’s the case), + good + job + が + be found + だろう + に.”

That's all for this one.

These conditional sentences might feel a bit confusing. Taking time with the word-by-word breakdowns will help.

Coming back to lessons after reaching a higher level always helps, too. ^_^

Niko portraitNiko
NativShark

A better way to learn Japanese

Log in, hit Study Now, reach your goals.