- JLPT N4
~ใชใใง
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๐ฅ Malevolent Conjugation Quiz ๐ฅ
Here are some verbs and verb phrases:
้ฃในใ๏ผใในใ // to eat๏ผ
้ตใ้ใใ๏ผใใใใใใ // to lock [e.g. a door]๏ผ
ๅ็ฒงใใใ๏ผใใใใใใใ // to put on makeup๏ผ
ใขใฉใผใ ใใใใ๏ผto set an alarm๏ผ
ไฝฟใ๏ผใคใใ // to use๏ผ
้ป่ปใซไนใ๏ผใงใใใใซใฎใ // to ride a train๏ผ
Try putting them into the plain present negative tense (V ใชใ).
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
Answers:
้ฃในใชใ๏ผใในใชใ // not eat๏ผ
้ตใ้ใใชใ๏ผใใใใใใชใ // not lock [e.g. a door]๏ผ
ๅ็ฒงใใใชใ๏ผใใใใใใใชใ // not put on makeup๏ผ
ใขใฉใผใ ใใใใชใ๏ผnot set an alarm๏ผ
ไฝฟใใชใ๏ผใคใใใชใ // not use๏ผ
้ป่ปใซไนใใชใ๏ผใงใใใใซใฎใใชใ // not ride a train๏ผ
Last of all, try adding ใง to the end, which will give us the meaning of "without VERB-ing."
(While ๏ฝใชใใง can be used to say "without VERB-ing," it can also be used to say "[please] don't verb." We're looking at the former in this lesson.)
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
๐ฅ Thinking Space ๐ฅ
Answers:
้ฃในใชใใง๏ผใในใชใใง // without eating๏ผ
้ตใ้ใใชใใง๏ผใใใใใใชใใง // without locking [e.g. a door]๏ผ
ๅ็ฒงใใใชใใง๏ผใใใใใใใชใใง // without putting on makeup๏ผ
ใขใฉใผใ ใใใใชใใง๏ผwithout setting an alarm๏ผ
ไฝฟใใชใใง๏ผใคใใใชใใง // without using๏ผ
้ป่ปใซไนใใชใใง๏ผใงใใใใซใฎใใชใใง // without riding a train๏ผ
That's the gist of our entire lesson.
JLPT N4: ๏ฝใชใใง (without ~)
You may recall that we had a lesson about using ๏ฝใชใใฆ to state the reason for something: JLPT N4: ๏ฝใชใใฆ (since).
An example of that:
ใขใฉใผใ ใ้ณดใใชใใฆใๅฏๅใใฆใใพใฃใใ
ใขใฉใผใ ใใใใชใใชใใฆใใใญใผใใใใฆใใใพใฃใใ
My alarm didnโt go off, so I overslept.
Consider how that is different from this sentence:
ใขใฉใผใ ใใใใชใใงๅฏใใใๅฏๅใใใ
ใขใฉใผใ ใใใใใใชใใงใใญใใใใใญใผใใใใใ
I went to sleep without setting my alarm, and I overslept.
Here, we are using ๏ฝใชใใง to show that an action (going to sleep) was done without doing another action (setting an alarm).
When explaining the difference between ๏ฝใชใใฆ and ๏ฝใชใใง in that lesson mentioned above, we also saw this sentence:
ๆไฝใ้ฃในใชใใงๅบๅคใใใ
ใใใใชใซใใใในใชใใงใใใ ใฃใใใใใใ
I went to work without eating anything this morning.
An action (going to work) was done without doing another action (eating anything).
V ใชใใง
without VERB-ing
Sometimes ๏ฝใชใใง is talking about a sequence of actions (the first of which is not done):
ๆจๆฅใ็้ขใฎ้ตใ้ใใชใใงๅบใใใฆใใพใใพใใใ
ใใฎใใใใใใใใใฎใใใใใใใใใชใใงใใงใใใฆใใใพใใพใใใ
Yesterday, I accidentally went out without locking my front door.
Other times, ๏ฝใชใใง is talking about the means by which something was done:
ๆใไฝฟใใชใใงใใบใใณใๅฑฅใใฆใใ ใใใ
ใฆใใใใคใใใชใใงใใใบใใณใใใใฏใใฆใใใ ใใใ
Please put on your pants without using your hands.
โ Not sure what situation our poor listener is in, but I don't envy him.
I don't think we really need to make any differentiation between these two uses. Just learning it as "without VERB-ing" always seemed to serve me just fine. But yeah, there are some slightly varying nuances to the meaning, I suppose.
Another example:
ๅฆปใฏไปๆฅใๅ็ฒงใใใชใใงไปไบใซ่กใใพใใใ
ใคใพใใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใจใใซใใใใพใใใ
Today my wife went to work without doing her makeup.
Finally, note that our translation will not always use the word "without."
Sometimes it will be more natural to say "instead of," for example:
ไปๆฅใฏ้ป่ปใซไนใใชใใงใๆญฉใใฆๅญฆๆ กใซ่กใใพใใใ
ใใใใใฏใใงใใใใใซใใฎใใชใใงใใใใใใฆใใใฃใใใใซใใใใพใใใ
Today I walked to school instead of taking the train.
You may recall that we've already studied a grammar point utilizing ๏ฝใชใใง๏ผJLPT N4: ๏ฝใชใใงใใ.
In that lesson, we saw sentences like this:
ๆๆฅ้ฃ่กๆฉใงๅฏใใใใใใซใไปๆฅใฏๅฏใชใใงใใใใ
ใใใใใฒใใใใใงใใญใใใใใใใซใใใใใใใฏใใญใชใใงใใใใ
Iโm not gonna sleep tonight so that Iโll be able to sleep on the plane tomorrow.
If you're only going to review one lesson today, though, I'd look at the one mentioned earlier: JLPT N4: ๏ฝใชใใฆ (since).
It can be easy to mix up ๏ฝใชใใฆ and ๏ฝใชใใง.
There is also another grammatical construction that is almost identical to ๏ฝใชใใง, which is ๏ฝใใซ. We'll be covering that in the very next lesson!
Niko
