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  • JLPT N4

~にくい

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JLPT N4: ~にくい (hard to VERB)

In the last lesson, we saw how ~やすい can attach to the ます-stem of VERBS when we want to say "easy to VERB."

In contrast to that, ~にくい attaches to the ます-stem of VERBS when we want to say "hard to VERB" or "difficult to VERB."

An example:

この鍋は重くて使いにくいです。

この なべ は おもくて つかいにくい です。

This pot is heavy and difficult to use.

“this + pot / saucepan + は + heavy (and) + hard to use + です.”

So, that's...

使う(つかう // to use)
↓
使います(つかいます // use)
↓
使いにくい(つかいにくい // hard to use)


The pattern:

V ます + にくい
hard to VERB


In our next example, we'll use the verb:

寝る(ねる // to sleep)
↓
寝ます(ねます // sleep)
↓
寝にくい(ねにくい // hard to sleep)

腰を怪我してから、うつぶせで寝にくくなった。

こし を けが して から、 うつぶせ で ねにくく なった。

Ever since I hurt my (lower) back, it’s been hard to sleep on my stomach.

“back / lower back / (area around the) waist + を + injury + do (and) + from, + lying on one’s stomach + で + hard to sleep + became.”

~にくい can be used in both negative and positive sentences (as can ~やすい).

For example:

白い車は汚れが目立ちにくいです。

しろい くるま は よごれ が めだちにくい です。

White cars tend to look less dirty.

“white + car + は + dirt / filth + が + hard to stand out + です.”

目立つ(めだつ // to stand out; to be conspicuous)
↓
目立ちます(めだちます // stands out; is conspicuous)
↓
目立ちにくい(目立ちにくい // less likely to stand out)

I suppose I could have put "With white cars, it's hard for dirt to stand out," but "White cars tend to look less dirty" sounded like more natural English to me.


Last one:

太る(ふとる // to gain weight)
↓
太ります(ふとります // gain weight)
↓
太りにくい(ふとりにくい // hard to gain weight)

Again, you'll see that my full-sentence translation is not very literal:

ココナッツオイルは太りにくい油です。

ココナッツオイル は ふとりにくい あぶら です。

You’re less likely to gain weight from coconut oil.

“coconut oil + は + hard to gain weight + oil + です.”

Finished!

Both ~やすい and ~にくい are used quite commonly, so be sure to master them!

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